কারো কথা হুবহু উদ্ধৃতি চিহ্নের (" ") ভেতরে বললে → Direct Speech

একই কথা উদ্ধৃতি চিহ্ন ছাড়া নিজের ভাষায় বললে → Indirect Speech

Direct: He said, "I am happy."

Indirect: He said that he was happy.

চেনার উপায়: তথ্য বা বিবৃতি, শেষে দাঁড়ি (.)

said থাকলে → said that, said to থাকলে → told (সাথে that)

Reporting Verb Past হলে ভেতরের Tense এক ধাপ পেছনে (am → was, will → would)

Subject + said that / told + Object + that + বাক্য

He said, "He will do whatever he likes."He said that he would do whatever he liked.

চেনার উপায়: যে কথা সব সময় সত্য — প্রকৃতি বা বিজ্ঞানের নিয়ম

Reporting Verb Past হলেও ভেতরের Tense বদলাবে না

The teacher said, "The earth is round."The teacher said that the earth is round.

The teacher said, "The sun rises in the east."The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.

চেনার উপায়: Am, Is, Are, Was, Do, Did, Have, Will, Can দিয়ে শুরু; শেষে ?

said to → asked, সংযোগ শব্দ → if / whether

প্রশ্নকে সাধারণ বাক্য বানাও: আগে Subject, পরে Verb; শেষে দাঁড়ি (.)

Subject + asked + Object + if + Subject + Verb

Rana said to me, "Will you give me a pen?"Rana asked me if I would give him a pen.

He said to me, "Are you sure?"He asked me if I was sure.

চেনার উপায়: What, Why, When, Where, Who, How দিয়ে শুরু

said to → asked; if লাগবে না — Wh-word নিজেই সংযোগ শব্দ

আগে Subject, পরে Verb — প্রশ্নের রূপ থাকবে না

He said to me, "When will you go home?"He asked me when I would go home.

The man said to the boy, "What is your name?"The man asked the boy what his name was.

"what was his name" নয় — Subject আগে: what his name was

চেনার উপায়: বাক্য সরাসরি Verb দিয়ে শুরু (Go, Sit, Open, March)

said to → ordered / commanded, Verb-এর আগে to

Subject + ordered + Object + to + Verb

My brother said to me, "Go home."My brother ordered me to go home.

The general commanded the soldiers, "March on."The general commanded the soldiers to march on.

চেনার উপায়: Please, Kindly বা সম্মানসূচক সম্বোধন (Sir) থাকে

said → requested; Please/Kindly বাদ, Verb-এর আগে to

Sir থাকলে respectfully; সম্বোধন (Sir, Friends) Indirect-এ Object হয়

The boy said, "Sir, please grant me leave."The boy respectfully requested his teacher to grant him leave.

He said, "Friends, help me."He requested his friends to help him.

চেনার উপায়: Don't বা Do not দিয়ে শুরু

said to → advised / ordered / forbade; Don't → not to

Father said to me, "Don't smoke."Father advised me not to smoke.

The teacher said, "Don't run in the sun."The teacher advised us not to run in the sun.

forbade নিজেই "নিষেধ" — এর পরে not বসবে না: Father forbade me to smoke.

Let's / Let us → proposed / suggested that + they/we + should

They said, "Let's go on a picnic."They suggested that they should go on a picnic.

Subject They হলে ভেতরে they, Subject We হলে ভেতরে we

Let me → proposed ... that + Subject + should be allowed to

I said to my mother, "Let me sleep."I proposed to my mother that I should be allowed to sleep.

সহজ বিকল্পও শুদ্ধ: I requested my mother to let me sleep.

May + Allah/God → prayed (for) that ... might

She said to me, "May Allah help you."She prayed for me that Allah might help me.

Mr. Khan said, "May Allah save me."Mr. Khan prayed that Allah might save him.

May, কিন্তু Allah/God নেই → wished that ... might

Father said to his son, "May you have a good job."Father wished that his son might have a good job.

Good morning → wished + ব্যক্তি + good morning (বিদায়ে Good night/bye → bade)

He said, "Good morning, my friend."He wished his friend good morning.

Hurrah! → exclaimed with joy that (Hurrah! বাদ যাবে)

He said, "Hurrah! We have won."He exclaimed with joy that they had won.

Alas! → cried out in sorrow that (Alas! বাদ যাবে)

The man said, "Alas! He is gone forever."The man cried out in sorrow that he was gone forever.

What a / What an → a very, বাক্য সাধারণ ক্রমে

The girl said, "What a nice bird it is!"The girl exclaimed with joy that it was a very nice bird.

What-এর পরে a/an নেই → শুধু very

Nazrul said, "What charming scenery it is!"Nazrul exclaimed with joy that it was very charming scenery.

What a → a very (Rule 15), What → very (Rule 16)

ভেতরের Tense বদলাবে না, শুধু Pronoun প্রয়োজনমতো বদলাবে

The boy says, "My father is working abroad."The boy says that his father is working abroad.

Rima said to Rana, "I have given you my pen."Rima told Rana that she had given him her pen.

I → she, my → her (Subject Rima অনুযায়ী); you → him (Object Rana অনুযায়ী)

He said, "I am happy today."He said that he was happy that day.

Reporting Verb Past হলে ভেতরের Tense এক ধাপ অতীতে (ব্যতিক্রম: Rule 2 ও 17)

said → said that, said to → told

Question → asked + if / wh-word

Order → ordered ... to, Request → requested ... to

Don't → advised / ordered ... not to

Let's → suggested / proposed that ... should

May Allah ... → prayed that ... might

Hurrah → exclaimed with joy, Alas → cried out in sorrow

Good morning → wished ... good morning