English 2nd Paper · Grammar · দশম শ্রেণি
রূপ বদলাবে, অর্থ বদলাবে না
কালাম স্যার
বাক্যের অর্থ ঠিক রেখে তার গঠন বা রূপ বদলানো
পরীক্ষায় সাধারণত ৬টি বাক্য থেকে যেকোনো ৪টি করতে হয় (1×4 = 4)
রূপ বদলাবে, কিন্তু অর্থ বদলাবে না
| রূপ | চেনার উপায় | উদাহরণ |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | not/never নেই, শেষে (.) | He is always punctual. |
| Negative | not/never/no আছে | He is never late. |
| Interrogative | শেষে (?) | Who trusts a liar? |
| Exclamatory | How/What দিয়ে শুরু, শেষে (!) | How beautiful the bird is! |
| Imperative | Verb দিয়ে শুরু, Subject নেই | Respect your teachers. |
| Simple | একটি মাত্র finite verb (too…to, -ing) | He is too weak to walk. |
| Complex | sub-clause (so…that, if, who) | He is so weak that he cannot walk. |
| Compound | and, but, or, so দিয়ে দুটি বাক্য | We finished the work and went outside. |
not + বিপরীত শব্দ — দুইবার "না" মিলে আবার "হ্যাঁ", তাই অর্থ ঠিক থাকে
| Affirmative-এ থাকলে | Negative-এ হবে |
|---|---|
| adjective (good, regular) | not + বিপরীত শব্দ (not bad, not irregular) |
| always | never + বিপরীত শব্দ |
| only / alone (ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে) | None but |
| everybody / everyone | There is no one who … not |
ভালো = খারাপ নয় → good = not bad
Rahim is a good boy.Rahim is not a bad boy.
The boy is regular in class.The boy is not irregular in class.
He is always punctual.He is never late.
Only Allah can help us.None but Allah can help us.
Only you can do it.None but you can do it.
উল্টো দিকে (Negative → Affirmative): not/never সরাও, বিপরীত শব্দ বসাও
None but Allah can help us.Only Allah can help us.
I shall never forget you.I shall always remember you.
Affirmative হলে প্রশ্ন Negative, Negative হলে প্রশ্ন Affirmative
| Assertive-এ থাকলে | Interrogative-এ হবে |
|---|---|
| Everybody / Everyone + verb | Who does not + verb (base form)? |
| Everybody / Everyone + verb | Does not everybody + verb? |
| Nobody / No one + verb | Who + verb? |
| is / am / are (Affirmative) | Isn't / Aren't + subject …? |
does/do বসালে verb থেকে s/es বাদ: wants → want, hates → hate
Everybody wants to be happy.Who does not want to be happy?
Everybody wishes to be happy.Who does not wish to be happy?
Everybody hates a dishonest man.Does not everybody hate a dishonest man?
Everybody hates a liar.Who does not hate a liar?
Nobody trusts a liar.Who trusts a liar?
Nobody (Negative) থাকায় প্রশ্নটি Affirmative — অর্থ: কেউ বিশ্বাস করে না।
very সরাও — শুধু adjective থাকলে How, adjective + noun থাকলে What a/an
How + adjective + subject + verb!
What a/an + adjective + noun + subject + verb!
The bird is very beautiful.How beautiful the bird is!
The scenery is very charming.How charming the scenery is!
It is a very nice bird.What a nice bird it is!
Mother Teresa was a very kind-hearted woman.What a kind-hearted woman Mother Teresa was!
He is a great fool.What a great fool he is!
How/What a সরাও, Subject + verb আগে আনো, adjective-এর আগে very / great, শেষে (.)
How charming our country is!Our country is very charming.
How time does fly!Time flies very fast.
If I were a poet!I wish I were a poet.
If দিয়ে আফসোস প্রকাশ করলে Assertive-এ I wish হয়।
Negative প্রশ্ন (Isn't, Doesn't) → Assertive হবে Affirmative
Isn't it our responsibility to do good deeds?It is our responsibility to do good deeds.
Isn't (Negative প্রশ্ন) → is (Affirmative বিবৃতি)
| Assertive | Imperative |
|---|---|
| You should + verb | Verb … |
| You should not + verb | Do not + verb … |
You should respect your teachers.Respect your teachers.
You should not disturb in the classroom.Do not disturb in the classroom.
উল্টো নিয়ম: শুরুতে You should, Don't থাকলে You should not
Don't laugh at the poor.You should not laugh at the poor.
| Simple | Complex | Compound |
|---|---|---|
| too + adj + to + verb | so + adj + that + subject + cannot + verb | — |
| Verb-ing (Finishing the work), … | When/After + clause, … | … and … |
| — | If … not …, … | … or … |
Simple = একটি finite verb, Complex = sub-clause যোগ, Compound = and/but/or দিয়ে জোড়া
too → so, to → that + subject + cannot (too…to-এর ভেতরে "না" লুকানো)
The man is too weak to walk.The man is so weak that he cannot walk.
উল্টো দিকে: that he cannot সরিয়ে to, so → too
He is so weak that he can't walk.He is too weak to walk.
He is so poor that he cannot help me.He is too poor to help me.
Verb-ing → মূল tense-এর verb + and
Finishing the work, we went outside.We finished the work and went outside.
If … not → প্রথম অংশ আদেশ + or
If you do not do it, you will die.Do it or you will die.
অথবা: You must do it, or you will die.
| ভুল | শুদ্ধ | কেন |
|---|---|---|
| Rahim is not a good boy. | Rahim is not a bad boy. | শুধু not বসালে অর্থ উল্টে যায় |
| Who does not wants to be happy? | Who does not want to be happy? | does-এর পর verb-এ s বসে না |
| How beautiful is the bird! | How beautiful the bird is! | Exclamatory-তে verb শেষে |
| What a beautiful the bird is! | How beautiful the bird is! | noun না থাকলে How |
| Time does fly very fast. | Time flies very fast. | Assertive-এ does fly → flies |
| He is too weak that he cannot walk. | He is so weak that he cannot walk. | that-এর সাথে so বসে |
Only Allah can help us. (Negative)None but Allah can help us.
It is a very nice bird. (Exclamatory)What a nice bird it is!
He is so weak that he can't walk. (Simple)He is too weak to walk.
Everybody wishes to be happy. (Interrogative)Who does not wish to be happy?
If you do not do it, you will die. (Compound)Do it or you will die.
How time does fly! (Assertive)Time flies very fast.
Rahim is a good boy. (Negative)Rahim is not a bad boy.
Nobody trusts a liar. (Interrogative)Who trusts a liar?
You should respect your teachers. (Imperative)Respect your teachers.
Isn't it our responsibility to do good deeds? (Assertive)It is our responsibility to do good deeds.
English 2nd Paper · দশম শ্রেণি · এসএসসি ভোকেশনাল
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